Neonatal Portal Vein Thrombosis: A Case Report

Abstract

Thrombotic events in neonates are rare pathologies associated with the use of umbilical catheters. Venous thromboses, especially portal vein thrombosis (DVT), are more common than arterial ones. They can extend to the intrahepatic portal branches and cause serious complications, such as portal hypertension. Early detection and timely treatment are essential to avoid serious complications. We present the case of a preterm neonate transferred at two days of age, who had an umbilical catheter placed for venous support in the hospital of origin. During hospitalization, an imaging study was performed for signs of cholestasis, finding an image suggestive of thrombosis in the left branch of the portal vein. The diagnosis was confirmed by Doppler ultrasound and triphasic tomography. Treatment was initiated with low molecular weight heparin as an anticoagulant. After the start of treatment, a decrease in bilirubin levels and progressive improvement of clinical signs will be observed. There were no serious complications such as portal cavernomatosis or portal hypertension and the patient had a favorable evolution without requiring surgical intervention.

Thrombosis associated with umbilical catheter in neonates is a rare complication, but with high morbidity. Early diagnosis through imaging studies and initiation of early anticoagulant therapy are crucial to improve prognosis and avoid serious complications.