Serie histórica del Síndrome de Encefalopatía Posterior Reversible (PRES) en un hospital pediátrico de referencia nacional

Abstract

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is con- sidered a little- known clinical-radiological pathology. It is characterized by its acute or subacute presentation, of multifactorial origin. Among its clinical manifestations, neurological symptoms and high blood pressure predomina- te. MRI is the gold standard as a diagnostic method in which involvement of the white matter, gray matter, or both can be observed. Methodology:

A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was carried out on twenty-three cases of PRES from the Roberto Gilbert Elizalde Pediatric Hospital from January 2013 to December 2022. Sociodemographic, epidemiological, clinical and biochemical variables were collected. Results: twenty-three patients with a diagnosis of PRES were identified, of which twenty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The female sex was predominant with 61.9%, ave- rage age of 9 to 17 years with 66.8%, the associated pathologies were: lupus erythematosus, nephrotic syndrome, hematological diseases such as myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia with 4.7% respectively. Related drugs were immunosuppressants such as levetiracetam, prednisone, methylprednisolo- ne, rituximab and thyroglobulin. Regarding the neuroimaging findings, the parieto-occipital white matter lesion was the most frequently described. Con- clusion: PRES is considered a serious but reversible entity with the appropria- te approach and early diagnosis, so early management is essential to avoid irreversible damage in the pediatric patient.