Concordancia diagnóstica en ecuatorianos declarados inimputables por enfermedad mental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61708/84vean84Palabras clave:
enfermedad mental, personas privadas de libertad, esquizofrenia, inimputabilidadResumen
Introducción: El Código Orgánico Integral Penal (COIP) del Ecuador reconoce a los trastornos mentales como causa de inimputabilidad. A pesar del creciente involucramiento de personas con trastornos mentales en actividades delictivas, no existe un catálogo específico para el manejo de estas condiciones, lo que dificulta la concordancia entre los diagnósticos periciales y hospitalarios en pacientes hospitalizados declarados inimputables. Objetivo: Describir la proporción de concordancia entre los diagnósticos forenses y hospitalarios en personas procesadas con trastornos mentales y hospitalizadas en el Instituto de Neurociencias de Guayaquil entre 2013 y 2022. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional, transversal y retrospectivo, utilizando los registros clínicos y legales de 142 casos psiquiátricos procesados por mandato judicial. Se analizaron los diagnósticos forenses, de ingreso y de egreso, junto con los tipos de delitos y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: Los hallazgos mostraron que la mayoría de personas declaradas inimputables fueron hombres entre 18 y 34 años, siendo los delitos contra la vida y la integridad personal los más frecuentes. La esquizofrenia fue el trastorno más común señalado como causa de inimputabilidad. La proporción de concordancia entre diagnósticos forenses y hospitalarios fue baja, mientras que la concordancia entre los diagnósticos de ingreso y egreso hospitalarios fue buena. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren una baja confiabilidad de los diagnósticos forenses al declarar a una persona inimputable por enfermedad mental, mientras que la buena concordancia entre ingreso y egreso hospitalarios refleja el uso efectivo de técnicas de evaluación, periodos diagnósticos adecuados y observación clínica cuidadosa.
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